Response to the ideas of Father Matta al-Miskine – The Book of Church and State

1. Historical and Political Background
His Holiness Pope Shenouda III explained that his service as Bishop of Education began in 1962, during a time of political tension in Egypt. The Church faced accusations due to its association with the World Council of Churches, and there was rivalry among some bishops, including Anba Samuel. These tensions led to writings such as The Church and the State, which were later misused to accuse the Church of political interference.

2. The Church and the State
Pope Shenouda emphasized that the Church does not seek temporal power or oppose the state. Its mission is spiritual—to serve faith and people through love. Social service, he explained, is not competition with the government but an expression of Christ’s compassion for the poor and suffering. He rejected ideas that diminish the Church’s social role.

3. Defense of Orthodox Doctrine
His Holiness also addressed theological errors found in some writings, notably those of Father Matta El-Meskeen. He explained that Orthodox faith carefully distinguishes between the divinity and humanity of Christ. The descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Church does not mean a union of divine and human nature as in the Incarnation of Christ.

4. Spirit of Forgiveness and Humility
Although the Church and its leaders faced criticism, Pope Shenouda stated that he never sought revenge or judgment. Instead, he accepted suffering as a cross to bear in silence, trusting God to defend His Church in His own time.

5. The Spiritual Message
The main message of the lecture is that the Church must remain steadfast in the Orthodox faith, avoid political entanglement, and continue serving humanity with humility and love. True unity comes not from personal opinions but from fidelity to Scripture and the teachings of the Holy Fathers.