The Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector

His Holiness Pope Shenouda III explained this parable from Luke 18:9–14 to show the difference between God’s standards and human standards. God looks at the heart’s depth, not external appearances. While people praised the Pharisee for his fasting, tithing, and prayers, God justified the humble tax collector who, standing afar off, said with contrition: “God, be merciful to me, a sinner.”

A Comparison Between the Two

The Pharisee appeared outwardly righteous, praying and fasting, but he fell into pride and judgment. He thanked God not for grace but for being “better than others,” condemning even the tax collector in his prayer. The tax collector, however, stood humbly, acknowledging his sin, and sought nothing but God’s mercy.

The Essence of Prayer

Pope Shenouda taught that God listens not to the length of prayer but to its spirit and sincerity. The tax collector, in one short plea, was justified — just as the thief on the cross entered Paradise with one word. Prayer is not about words but about a broken heart lifted to God.

The Pharisee’s Mistake

The Pharisee never mentioned his sins nor asked forgiveness. Instead, he recited his virtues, glorified himself, and judged others, forgetting that all righteousness comes from divine grace. By comparing himself to sinners, he elevated his ego and left the temple unjustified.

The Humility of the Tax Collector

The tax collector stood afar, not daring to lift his eyes, striking his chest in repentance. He offered no excuses, only trust in divine mercy. The Pope remarked: “The humble falsehood is better than the proud truth,” for humility draws one near to God, while pride drives one away.

The Spiritual Lesson

God does not accept outward religiosity or deeds unless they spring from a repentant heart. Many pray and fast without inner change, but the tax collector’s prayer was real because it flowed from contrition. True prayer must come from humility, confession of weakness, and sincere longing for mercy.

Conclusion

God justifies not the proud but the humble. True prayer arises from a contrite heart aware of its unworthiness. Humility is the shortest path to God’s mercy and justification. The measure is not the number of works but the depth of repentance and purity of heart.

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