Man’s Participation in the Divine Nature

In this lecture, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III clarifies the correct understanding of the phrase “partakers of the divine nature” (2 Peter 1:4) and refutes modern heretical ideas that interpret it wrongly. He affirms that man’s participation in the divine nature does not mean sharing in God’s divinity or essence, but rather fellowship in His work and holiness — a sharing in righteousness and purity as far as human nature allows.

1. The Fixed Theological Understanding

Man cannot share in the essence or divine attributes of God — such as omnipotence, omnipresence, or omniscience — for these belong to God alone. To claim otherwise would be polytheism.

2. Meaning of Participation in the Divine Nature

It means sharing with God in His work and moral attributes, not in His divinity. As we pray, “Work with Your servants in every good deed,” so we are co-workers with God, as St. Paul said: “We are fellow workers with God.”

3. Sharing Through Holiness

We partake of the divine nature through holiness and purity, being created in God’s image. St. Peter links this sharing with escaping corruption through lust — that is, by living in righteousness. “Be holy, for I am holy.”

4. Adoption and Its Relation to Participation

Adoption is a divine gift that makes us called children of God through faith and baptism, not by essence.
Christ is the only-begotten Son, sharing the divine essence with the Father, while we are adopted children by grace. “To all who received Him, He gave power to become children of God.”

5. Correction of Misinterpretations

His Holiness warns against misuse of patristic terms like “deification.” For St. Athanasius and the Fathers, it means restoration of the divine image lost through sin — renewal of human nature by grace, not union with divinity. “Deification” means sanctification and participation in divine life, not becoming gods.

6. Fellowship as Grace, Not Hypostatic Union

The Holy Spirit dwells in us by grace, not by hypostatic union as in Christ. The Spirit’s indwelling can be grieved or quenched, proving it is not an essential or hypostatic union.

7. Man Resembles, Not Equals

The goal of grace is to make us conformed to the image of the Son (Romans 8:29), not identical to Him. In the resurrection, Christ will transform our lowly bodies to be like His glorious body, not divine in essence.

8. Humility Before God

Even in eternal glory, man remains a servant of God. On Judgment Day, the Lord will say, “Well done, good and faithful servant… enter into the joy of your Lord.” Thus, man remains a son by adoption and a servant by humility — never equal with God in divinity.

Spiritual Summary

Participation in the divine nature means sharing in holiness and good works, not in essence.
Our sonship is adoptive, not essential; Christ alone is the true Son sharing in the Father’s nature.
The Holy Spirit’s indwelling is by grace, not a hypostatic union.
The goal of the Christian life is to resemble the Son in holiness, love, and humility.
The true believer remains a humble servant and co-worker with God, never divine himself.

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