His Holiness explains that sin is by its nature an offense against God — disobedience to His commandments, a lack of love and trust in God as appeared in Adam’s sin when he believed the serpent and desired to be like God.

Consequences of sin:
He explains that the phrase “the wage of sin” has a clear effect which is death in its multiple dimensions: physical death, spiritual death by separation of the soul from God, moral death by loss of God’s image in man, and the danger of eternal destruction if there is no atonement.

Spread of sin and the need for redemption:
He points out that sin did not remain limited to Adam but passed into the whole world so people came under the dominion of sin and death, and therefore works alone are not sufficient to remove the sentence of death but a comprehensive atonement is required.

The need for an unlimited atonement:
He shows that the atonement for sin must be unlimited because the sentence was against humanity itself and the fault’s effect is not limited; no creature can provide an all-encompassing ransom, therefore God had to incarnate and take a human nature capable of dying.

Incarnation and enfleshment:
He distinguishes between incarnation (taking a body) and enfleshment, as the divine Word took a body, soul, and spirit to become a complete man, so that He could die for people and execute divine justice while revealing divine love.

The nature and work of the redemption:
He presents that redemption rests on the fact that the innocent bears the sins of the guilty and dies for them; the righteous Christ bore the sins of the world and died for them, purchasing the salvation of all by His blood, and His actions on the cross established reconciliation between God and people, purified them, and resulted in His intercession and mediation.

The symbolism of the sacrifices in the Old Covenant:
He notes that the Old Covenant taught the principles of atonement by sacrifices: the sin-offering symbolizes the rescue of the person and the burnt-offering symbolizes appeasing the anger of God, and that Christ was a perfect offering pleasing to God.

A call to spiritual understanding:
He concludes that Christ’s saving work is comprehensive: erasing the sentence of sin, vivifying the spiritually dead, establishing reconciliation, and that salvation is manifested by faith in Christ who gave Himself as a ransom, and who is our intercessor and the one mediator between God and men.

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