Ibn al-Asal: What he has and what he owes

His Holiness Pope Shenouda III presents a critical review of the book Ibn al-ʿAsal known as “Al-Majmūʿ al-safawī,” and outlines its context and contributions in collecting church laws in the twelfth century during the reign of Pope Cyril.

Features of his work:

• Ibn al-ʿAsal collected a huge amount of legal material and organized it into structured chapters (patriarchs, bishops, prayer, fasting, almsgiving, personal status… ).

• He classified each law and recorded references and symbols indicating their sources, and he had prominence and fame in his era as a collector of laws.

Main criticism and methodological notes:

• He mixed church laws with civil/royal laws, so he included chapters on inheritances, endowments, clothing and administrative affairs that have no relation to church laws.

• He introduced forged texts or wrongly attributed ones to the apostles or to councils that did not issue them, such as attributing some laws to the Council of Nicaea or directly to the apostles.

• He ascribed laws and references inaccurately and lacked source-critical scrutiny; he collected without critical verification.

Notable deficiencies in content:

• He omitted essential chapters in theology and liturgy: he did not set a complete chapter on theological matters, did not clearly state the Creed, and did not properly include the canons of the Councils of Constantinople or Ephesus.

• He omitted laws and names of important Fathers (such as the laws of Saint Timothy, Saint Athanasius, Cyprian, and others).

• In monastic matters he limited himself to Basil the Great and neglected the regulations of other fathers such as Anba Bakhom.

Conclusion and general evaluation:
In short, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III concludes that Ibn al-ʿAsal was a compiler of wide fame but not a critically discerning scholar; he compiled and organized and produced a broad reference, but it contained errors, forgeries, methodological defects, and some non-ecclesial content in certain sections.

Spiritual and educational recommendation:
The spiritual lesson is that mere compilation is not enough; one must scrutinize and purify sources and protect the church heritage from introducing elements inconsistent with Coptic Orthodox faith and tradition.

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