قداسة البابا شنوده الثالث speaks about the concept of virtue, explaining that it is not merely an external behavior but a spiritual inner state that requires knowledge, wisdom, will, and practice. Virtue means rising above the level of self and pleasure, turning toward goodness, love, and holiness.

Elements and sources of virtue

• Virtue springs from knowledge and wisdom: wisdom clarifies the path and distances one from ignorance and sin.

• Virtue requires strength of will and strenuous effort (struggle): knowledge alone is not enough if there is no determination to apply it.

• Divine grace is a partner with man: God’s work in the soul awaits the human response and participation.

• Some people are born with virtuous tendencies and some strive and struggle to attain virtue; both need continued struggle so that God may establish virtue in them.

The nature of virtue and its relation to sin

Virtue is rising above the self and material pleasure; whereas sin is living in an atmosphere of pleasure and self-centeredness. Sin works in darkness and virtue loves the light. Weakness and habit in sin reinforce each other, therefore spiritual strength is a trait of the truly virtuous.

Inner and outer virtue

• It is not enough for virtue to be only in the heart; it must appear in actions and external expression (faith with works).

• Virtues are interconnected: one proper virtue leads to fruit in behavior, speech, and pastoral care.

• There are negative virtues (refraining from evil) and positive virtues (working for good), and true virtue combines both.

Gradation and growth in spiritual life

Virtue may be difficult at the beginning but becomes easier with practice and training; it requires spiritual progression and responsiveness to grace, while resisting the spiritual battles the enemy brings.

Practical conclusion

In summary, virtue is a blend of knowledge, wisdom, will, grace, and steadfast principles. What is required is the cooperation of the body with the spirit in expressing virtue so that its fruits become evident in practical life and pastoral care.

For better translation support, please contact the center