The lecture explains that Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Adventists (Seventh-day Adventists) emerged from Protestant currents and added new teachings that differ radically from traditional Christian doctrine. The Holy Synod ruled that these two movements are not considered Christian because they deny the foundations of Orthodox faith.

Main theological difference points

1. Denial of the Trinity: Both groups do not recognize the three Persons as an Orthodox faith; denial of the divinity of the Son and the Holy Spirit.

2. The nature of Christ: Some beliefs describe Christ as the angel Michael or as a heavenly army commander, which negates his divinity as the Church understands it.

3. Immortality of the soul and the afterlife: They do not believe in the immortality of the soul or in the consciousness of souls after death; they view death as unconsciousness until the Resurrection.

4. Fate of the wicked: They believe in annihilation (cessation) of the wicked instead of eternal torment as interpreted in the Orthodox tradition.

5. Heavenly selection: Jehovah’s Witnesses’ doctrine that only 144,000 go to heaven and the rest live in an earthly kingdom differs from the Church’s concept of resurrection and heavenly fullness.

6. Publications and dates: They have specific dates for Christ’s return (such as the interpretation of 1914) and particular chronological interpretations that do not agree with the Church’s view.

Ecclesial and liturgical care

The Orthodox critique their rejection of churches and ecclesial tradition: denial of sacraments such as the efficacy of baptism and the Eucharist, rejection of intercessions and veneration of saints, and rejection of church buildings, altar, and the Divine Sacrifice as believed by the Church.

Social and political conduct

Jehovah’s Witnesses and Adventists reject obedience to rulers, military service, and saluting the flag, and consider most religious and international systems works of the devil, which led to social and legal consequences in many countries.

Spiritual assessment from a Coptic Orthodox perspective

The talk calls for spiritual discernment: defending the Church’s teaching and affirming that correct belief in the Trinity, in the divinity of Christ, and in the church’s sacraments is the essence of Christian life. These movements are presented as heresies containing Jewish and ancient elements and interpretive claims contrary to Scripture and Tradition.

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