Lecture at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina on the history of the Coptic Church

In this rich lecture, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III presents a complete overview of the History of the Coptic Orthodox Church, beginning with its foundation by St. Mark the Apostle in Alexandria, through the eras of persecution, martyrdom, theology, and monasticism, highlighting its cultural and spiritual influence throughout history.

📜 1. Origins of the Coptic Church

• The Coptic Church, also known as the Church of Alexandria, was founded by St. Mark in the first century.

• It faced strong resistance from paganism and Greek philosophies, yet Christianity flourished in Egypt through steadfast faith.

⚔️ 2. The Era of Martyrdom

• The Copts endured severe persecutions, marking the beginning of the Era of the Martyrs (284 AD).

• The Coptic Church offered countless saints and martyrs—men, women, and children—who remained firm in their faith.

📚 3. The Theological School of Alexandria

• Founded by St. Mark to oppose pagan thought with Christian theology.

• Produced great theologians like Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Didymus the Blind, who enriched Christian thought worldwide.

• Didymus even invented a form of raised writing centuries before Braille.

🔤 4. The Coptic Language and Egyptian Heritage

• The Coptic language is the final stage of ancient Egyptian, preserving national identity.

• It remained in liturgies and hymns even after Arabic became dominant.

• His Holiness explained how words like “Christmas,” “Chemistry,” and “Medicine” have Coptic or Egyptian roots.

⛪ 5. Coptic Monasticism

• Egypt is the mother of monasticism, with St. Anthony the Great as the first monk in history.

• His disciples—Macarius, Pachomius, and others—spread monasticism across the world.

• Monasteries became schools of spirituality, wisdom, and holiness.

🌿 6. The Cultural Contribution

• The Coptic Church preserved ancient Egyptian culture and merged it with Christian faith.

• Through it, Egypt’s intellectual and spiritual heritage reached the world.

💎 Spiritual Message

The Coptic Church embodies both faith and civilization, standing as a living witness to divine wisdom, enduring faith, and the deep roots of Egyptian Christianity.

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