Biblical Criticism – The Song of Songs and Sexual Implications
In this lecture, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III explains that the Song of Songs should never be interpreted literally as a story of human or physical love, but rather symbolically and spiritually, representing the relationship between God and the human soul, or between Christ and the Church.
Critique of the Literal Interpretation:
The Pope responds to claims that the book carries sexual connotations, pointing out that many expressions within it cannot fit normal human romance, such as “Draw me after you, let us run” or describing the beloved as “terrible as an army with banners.” These phrases belong to spiritual symbolism, not earthly affection.
Symbolism of the Book:
He clarifies that every image in the Song of Songs carries spiritual meaning — divine longing, holy jealousy, and the inner beauty of the soul. Descriptions of hair, teeth, fragrance, and purity are all metaphors for spiritual virtues, not physical traits.
Faith Perspective:
The Pope stresses that failure to understand symbolic interpretation leads to wrong conclusions. He notes that even Protestant groups, despite omitting other books, have preserved this one — evidence of its spiritual value.
Final Message:
He calls believers to read the Song of Songs prayerfully and reflectively, to discover the divine love between God and the soul, which cannot be reduced to a physical or earthly level. He also mentions plans to publish a full commentary to clarify its profound spiritual message.
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